Dr. Oswald is a trained veterinarian (DVM). He graduated (PhD) in 1990 and worked then since 1994 at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences in Bethesda (USA). Until 2009, he worked as an INRA research director at the veterinary school of Toulouse (France). In 2009, he was appointed as professor at the medical faculty of the University of Toulouse. He is now professor of bacteriology at the faculty of medicine of Toulouse and hospital practitioner in the laboratory of bacteriology of the university hospital (CHU). He is an expert in cellular microbiology and molecular biology of pathogenic Escherichia coli. His main research interest is in studying toxins. His research group is working on the integration of human and animal research to decipher the thin line between commensal and pathogenic enterobacteria. Several publications generated by the team represent milestones in the understanding of bacterial pathogenicity especially discovery of new toxins.